#how to construct a survey instrument

[senkothewarlock]

DWC #2 (May '25 Ed.)

@daily-writing-challenge

(No I'm not running late I'm-... fashionably late. Yeah... Yeah that's my excuse.)

Day 2: Graceful Placation

The survey Senko was undertaking would quickly be broken by the distinct fwoosh of a portal and residual hum of arcane energy. She didn’t blink nor worry herself with an intruder, the spire of Kha’thularak, even in its half-constructed state, allowed a handful of souls to simply teleport or portal in. Besides that, the soft scent of a familiar perfume hit the sensitive nostrils quick enough to assuage any worries. Senko, these days, rarely smiled in earnest. A coy smirk, a threatening grin, a polite and disarming curl of the lips. Facades, tools, instruments.

“Even after several years of being friends, dating and being wed, you’re still such a brooder, darling.” A voice spoke from behind Senko, drawing her attention away from the grey-soaked vista.

“I didn’t know you looked at me under the trees and thought ‘I can fix her’, my love.” Senko retorted, giving a warm and genuine smile as she stepped over.

Oonee stood a head shorter than Senko, draped in robes that would shame a collection of nobles. A snug bodice of black leather, adorned with a spider-web motif that broke into a silky, semi-transparent skirt. A high collar covered the back of her head, enclosing her signature voodoo mask. Yet despite the high fashion, she contrasted it with a wicker basket hooked around her arm, a detail Senko poked at with mischief.

“Mmh, wicker? I hadn’t realised Gurubashi was in-… How do the Shal’dorei say, haute couture, this season~?” She asked, hooking her arms around the wife.

Oonee rolled her purple eyes, as narrow as sewing needles, before her spare hand flicked the ear of Senko. “Mhm, and of course, you’d be the arbiter of fashion. You’ve kept the same robes since I stitched them for you.”

“I’m sentimental… and they’re enchanted.” Senko retorted with, flashing a quick wink.

“Not as enchanting as the warlock who’s wearing it.” Oonee replied, going on her tippy toes to plant a kiss on Senko’s chin.

A quick heave of the chest and a surge of warmth broke across Senko’s body. She allowed herself to pause for but a moment. She was married for near a damn year to the love of her life, and the fact a few quick words and a peck on the chin was enough to keep her in a state of blushing bliss. Her daydreams were brought back into reality as Oonee’s claw tapped into Senko’s shoulder.

“Are you okay, my love? You’ve been glassy eyed a lot lately.” She asked, canting her head, an ear flopping to the side.

Senko was many things; a ruthless warlock, a loving wife, a good friend and now a leader of… something. Brave, bold and cunning. None of this, however, made her any skilled at lying to the one she loved above all her feats. It pained her to worry Oonee, but the idea of violating an ancient trust, a trust that forged the vows of their union, hurt her more.

“Let’s sit down, it is a-… long story.” She said, walking to the throne.

Before Senko could even adjust herself properly, Oonee had planted herself in the lap. She looked around and began to block out the ambient sound of construction, tugging the mask up as she planted the basket in her own lap. A red-and-white polka dot towel covered it, quickly snatched back by the grey vixen’s paw.

“Here, try this.” She said, borderline shoving a muffin into Senko’s mouth.

The baked good caught the warlock by surprise, blinking a few times as she wrapped her hand around it. A few slow chews later and she had cleared her mouth enough to speak, yet before she could, her wife interrupted.

“It could be poison.” She said, devoid of emotion.

Senko blinked; her amber gaze narrowed: “What did you say?”

 “… I said it could be raisins, I baked a few with them. You like them, don’t you?” She answered, a soft and tender tone in her voice carried a hint of concern.

Senko sighed, her thumb pushing into the sponge of the muffin. Her eyes relaxing as she counted the dots of raisin across the muffin top. She remained silent for a few seconds, repeating the number of which she counted: eleven.

“Oonee. I’m hearing things. My mind is… clouding itself. My words betray me, I snapped at one of the architects earlier, saying what I thought, not what I should.” She confessed, a coldness washing over her as she shivered into her wife.

“Well, some of them are meatheads, I don’t blame you for losing your cool.” Oonee said, trying to make light of it as she placed the basket on the ground, an arm wrapping around Senko. “What else has happened? Is it recent? What sort of things are you hearing?” She asked Senko, cuddling into her.

Senko’s mind churned. An interrogation. The wife was putting the thumbscrews on. She winced, teeth barring as she felt words – a bile that was not her own – bubble up to her vocal cords. Quickly, she shoved the muffin back into her mouth and mumbled. This wasn’t her. The very thought of seeing her wife as anything remotely negative sickened her.

“Didn’t take you as the comfort eating type, Senko.” Oonee said, softly stroking her back. “Take your time.”

Senko sighed, going to speak. She mumbled a few words, blinking, as she swallowed a chunk of chocolate muffin. “The past few days. I thought you said the muffin was poisonous, which is why my tone shifted with you. Just now my mind was-… racing, as if you were interrogating me, I had to chew on this to stop these ‘words’ leaving me. I-…” The warlock sighed, her eyes becoming wet. “I hate thinking this of you. I don’t know what’s causing it. Please don’t leav-!”

“Dumbarse.” Oonee cut Senko off, pressing a finger to the lips, now with smudged lipstick. “After everything we’ve been through, you think I’m running because my big, scary Warlock has a problem?” She said, smiling.

Oonee moved back her hand, an ornate ring with a dial centred around a diamond was adorned on her finger. More than on her finger. Through it. A spike through the pinkie finger, an exact copy of the ring on Senko’s hand.

“We’re soulmates, our rings literally penetrated blood, bone and spirit, which by the way, really didn’t hurt as much as I thought it would – I will not leave you. If you really piss me off, I’ll make you sleep on the couch for a night, but I’m not going anywhere.”

Senko couldn’t help but tear up slightly. The rawness of the words sailing from the lips of her beloved broke the stoicism and any wards she had spent a lifetime building. With her friends, she was always somewhat honest, but deep down, she remembered the words her mother told her after she cut her arm deeply sand surfing as a kit. “Big girls don’t cry.”

“… And let’s be honest, the stress of having your super-duper evil tower under construction and a garden that looks like a war camp isn’t exactly the most uplifting thing for you right now. I would’ve been happy if we lived in our cozy cottage, but, hey, your ambitions are part of why I love you.” Oonee added, placing a kiss on the cheek.

One of the Sayaadi, hoisting up one of the few remaining chandeliers, found herself in eavesdropping in on the conversation. Her lilac skin twisted slightly to angle herself better for the gossip, putting little effort into her job. Across from her, was an increasingly disgruntled sister-in-sin with marbled white and red skin.

“Stop gawking! You’ve made me do most of the labour today.” The flecked one muttered, trying to keep her voice low enough not to disrupt the married couple.

The Sayaad in lilac, however, couldn’t help herself. Seeing a few tears roll down the cheeks of Senko, she shot a cheeky grin to her beleaguered colleague and spoke up.

“Wow, the great Senko cries! I never thought I’d see her show anything but contempt, but here she is! Crying~!”

Before Senko could adjust herself and start disciplining the upstart demon, Oonee’s hand placed itself on Senko’s muzzle, clamping it shut. This was not the warlock’s battle. With an almost machine-like precision, Oonee rotated her neck some forty-five degrees and stared daggers directly at the Sayaad.

“Suc-“

“The name is Alyasax~.” The Demon so rudely interrupted. Her friend now hanging her head in shame, and a desire to be passed over what was to come.

Without a second of hesitation, Oonee spoke back up: “You’re not important enough for a name. You tell anyone about this, or run your mouth about my beloved having tears, not only will I web those tacky, cheaply-painted lips shut, I promise you this: When I’m done with you, you’ll be crying far more than your Grandmistress here,” She paused, stroking the cheek fluff of Senko, her hand shifting away from the muzzle. “And I assure you – no one will cry for you.”

Alyasax could do nothing but stammer, stutter and panic. She wrapped her hands around the whip-rope and tugged the chandelier with the well-practiced speed of someone who spent an eternity tugging objects.

Oonee, content with her dressing down, turned her face back to Senko, giving a firm kiss on the lips and a ruffle between the horns.

“You need some rest, and tomorrow we’ll begin to solve this problem of yours, mh?” She dictated to Senko, a question that wouldn’t take no for an answer.

“Sounds good to me, especially now I know I’m not couch-bound.” She teased, lifting herself and Oonee up off of the throne. “Lovely muffins, by the way.”

Oonee blushed, balancing the basket off of a finger. “Is it wrong I was hoping you’d say you could do better? I was hoping to guilt you into buying some jewelry~.”

“I’ll buy you some for being a wonderful baker and a better wife.”

“Deal, my love.”

[earlofbats]

Western Au Furies

From the fic "What it Means to Love a Boiadeiro"

[Wits=Logic] A man's gotta be quick thinking. gotta be throwing together disparate thoughts and ideas to construct solutions and understanding. [Almanac=Encyclopedia] It's what a man knows, facts and information about the things and the world, knowledgeable and well read. [Preachin=Rhetoric] A man should know what's what, should understand the moral condemnation of right and wrong, of sinful and holy natures. [Artsy=Conceptualization] A mans got a poetic soul, a song to sing, a sunset to admire or just a plain ol appreciation of what's pretty. [Theatrics=Drama] Sometimes a mans gotta bend the truth, add a bit of flare or catch people on their bullshit. [Survey=Visual Calculus] A mans gotta get a lay of the land. map out trajectory and distance, know which direction the winds bound to blow.

[Gumption=Volition] A man should strive to be shrewd and keep an even keel. A steady mind and heart against the pains of life. [Lone Frontier=Inland Empire] A man's soul is a vast and lonely landscape he must travel all on his lonesome. [Silver tongue=Suggestion] A man is full of charm and panache and knows how to say the right thing at the right time. [Gravitas=Authority] When a man walks in a room, eyes should be on him, who is he? What will he do? Is he dangerous? A man is meant to be taken seriously. [Kahoots=Esprit de Corps] A man should always be knowing who knows who, its important to discern who's a friendly face and who's a foe. [Heart=Empathy] Sometimes a man is meant to feel, meant to love and meant to cry for his fellow man, to be human.

[Mettle=Endurance] A mans body is iron, it can hold itself upright, it can move even when its bound to fall. After all, it's only a bit further.  [Sinew=Physical Instrument] A mans body is made of leather, bone, meat and most of all sinew. [Grit=Pain Threshold] A man is built to take it, the sun, the pain, the dust and the metal blood tang between your teeth, a man is built to let it hurt. 

[Vice=Electrochemistry] Everyman has his poisons, whiskey, smokes, gamblin', women, Cardinal pleasures of the flesh that are meant to be indulged. You want em got em.

[Jitters]

[Instinct] Man is no different than an animal, built to survive the wild, built to know when danger is about. When to run, when to kill.

[Sharpshooter=Hand-eye Coordination] If a man carries a gun, he should know how to shoot it. [LookyLoo=Perception] A mans opticals, his peepers, his ability to take in the world around him.  [Quickdraw=Reaction Speed] A man faces his foe, face to face, all that matters, is who draws first. [Swagger=Savoir Faire] A mans gait can tell you a lot about who he is, his status, his nature and his worth. [Know-how=Interfacing] Sometimes a mans just gotta fandangle it.  [Stoic=Composure] Sometimes a mans gotta hide behind a stern face and a long hard stare just to keep it together.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Unexpected complex chemistry in primordial galaxy

University of Arizona astronomers have learned more about a surprisingly mature galaxy that existed when the universe was just less than 300 million years old – just 2% of its current age.

Observed by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the galaxy – designated JADES-GS-z14-0 – is unexpectedly bright and chemically complex for an object from this primordial era, the researchers said. This provides a rare glimpse into the universe's earliest chapter.

The findings, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, build upon the researchers' previous discovery, reported in 2024, of JADES-GS-z14-0 as the most distant galaxy ever observed. While the initial discovery established the galaxy's record-breaking distance and unexpected brightness, this new research delves deeper into its chemical composition and evolutionary state.

The work was done as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, a major James Webb Space Telescope program designed to study distant galaxies.

This wasn't simply stumbling upon something unexpected, said Kevin Hainline, co-author of the new study and an associate research professor at the U of A Steward Observatory. The survey was deliberately designed to find distant galaxies, but this one broke the team's records in ways they didn't anticipate – it was intrinsically bright and had a complex chemical composition that was totally unexpected so early in the universe's history.

"It's not just a tiny little nugget. It's bright and fairly extended for the age of the universe when we observed it," Hainline said.

"The fact that we found this galaxy in a tiny region of the sky means that there should be more of these out there," said lead study author Jakob Helton, a graduate researcher at Steward Observatory. "If we looked at the whole sky, which we can't do with JWST, we would eventually find more of these extreme objects."

The research team used multiple instruments on board JWST, including the Near Infrared Camera, or NIRCam, whose construction was led by U of A Regents Professor of Astronomy Marcia Rieke. Another instrument on the telescope – the Mid-Infrared Instrument, or MIRI, revealed something extraordinary: significant amounts of oxygen.

In astronomy, anything heavier than helium is considered a "metal," Helton said. Such metals require generations of stars to produce. The early universe contained only hydrogen, helium and trace amounts of lithium. But the discovery of substantial oxygen in the JADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy suggests the galaxy had been forming stars for potentially 100 million years before it was observed.

To make oxygen, the galaxy must have started out very early on, because it would have had to form a generation of stars, said George Rieke, Regents Professor of Astronomy and the study's senior author. Those stars must have evolved and exploded as supernovae to release oxygen into interstellar space, from which new stars would form and evolve.

"It's a very complicated cycle to get as much oxygen as this galaxy has. So, it is genuinely mind boggling," Rieke said.

The finding suggests that star formation began even earlier than scientists previously thought, which pushes back the timeline for when the first galaxies could have formed after the Big Bang.

The observation required approximately nine days of telescope time, including 167 hours of NIRCam imaging and 43 hours of MIRI imaging, focused on an incredibly small portion of the sky.

The U of A astronomers were lucky that this galaxy happened to sit in the perfect spot for them to observe with MIRI. If they had pointed the telescope just a fraction of a degree in any direction, they would have missed getting this crucial mid-infrared data, Helton said.

"Imagine a grain of sand at the end of your arm. You see how large it is on the sky – that's how large we looked at," Helton said.

The existence of such a developed galaxy so early in cosmic history serves as a powerful test case for theoretical models of galaxy formation.

"Our involvement here is a product of the U of A leading in infrared astronomy since the mid-'60s, when it first started. We had the first major infrared astronomy group over in the Lunar and Planetary lab, with Gerard Kuiper, Frank Low and Harold Johnson," Rieke said.

As humans gain the ability to directly observe and understand galaxies that existed during the universe's infancy, it can provide crucial insights into how the universe evolved from simple elements to the complex chemistry necessary for life as we know it.

"We're in an incredible time in astronomy history," Hainline said. "We're able to understand galaxies that are well beyond anything humans have ever found and see them in many different ways and really understand them. That's really magic."

TOP IMAGE: This infrared image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope was taken by the onboard Near-Infrared Camera for the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, program. The NIRCam data was used to determine which galaxies to study further with spectroscopic observations. One such galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0 (shown in the pullout), was determined to be at a redshift of 14.3, making it the current record-holder for most distant known galaxy. This corresponds to a time less than 300 million years after the big bang.  NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Marcia Rieke (University of Arizona), Daniel Eisenstein (CfA), Phill Cargile (CfA)

LOWER IMAGE: Timeline of the universe: Although we are not sure exactly when the first stars began to shine, we know that they must have formed sometime after the era of Recombination, when hydrogen and helium atoms formed (380,000 years after the big bang), and before the oldest-known galaxies existed (400 million years after the big bang). The ultraviolet light emitted by the first stars broke down the neutral hydrogen gas filling the universe into hydrogen ions and free electrons, initiating the era of Reionization and the end of the Dark Ages of the universe.  NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI

[unhonestlymirror]

What is this blue thing on the teeth that dentists often use, and why is it necessary?

It is called a cofferdam. This word came to us from German (the people of Galicia know what кофер is), and in most countries, it is called rubber dam. In fact, the Germans also borrowed the name from English and changed the first letter to sound German: cofferdam→Kofferdam.

The fact is that the word "cofferdam" primarily means a waterproof structure in a reservoir, from which water is pumped out to expose the bottom for the construction of various structures. It's in line with the rubber dam's function in dentistry, so the name is super fitting.

In many private clinics of Ukraine, the ability to work with a coffer is a basic requirement for employment. And although its use has become very widespread in our country over the past 5 years, and the technology itself looks modern, it is absolutely not something new.

Cofferdam was invented by Dr. Barnum back in 1864. He wrote that the idea was born due to constant suffering in attempts to achieve the dryness of the cavity. The answer came by itself: one day, while filling a tooth in a patient who was drooling, the doctor became pissed off.

Desperate, he made a hole in a handkerchief and stuck it on his tooth. This is how the best way to isolate the working field was born. There were problems with keeping the handkerchief around the tooth. In 1882, a hole and a set of clamps were invented, which differ little from modern ones.

Why is the use of a cofferdam mandatory?

1. It prevents the instruments from being swallowed and inhaled.

2. Sterility and dryness of the working field. If saliva gets into the cavity or ducts, it's all screwed up.

3. Doctor's comfort.

4. Patient's comfort.

If Barnum lived today, he would be tearing his hair out. According to surveys, only 5.4% of Japanese doctors use rubber dams. In Germany it's 3-4%.

Japanese statistics: 50% of teeth need to be treated again due to non-use of cofferdam. Japanese doctors believe that 50% is a good success.

The most common reason (excuse): inability to install cofferdams. The author himself wrote that if it is impossible to install a cofferdam, there are two options: to make it possible or to remove the tooth.

What is more comfortable for you: when your teeth are treated with or without a rubber dam?

[phoenix-joy]

Author: Sonja Anderson Publication: Smithsonian Magazine Timestamp: January 22, 2024

Extract:

Researchers have long been puzzled by the Roman dodecahedron. More than 100 of these strange 12-sided metal objects have been found throughout Europe—but their purpose remains unclear. Now, another discovery in England’s countryside has reignited the mystery surrounding the ancient artifacts.

[...]

“[Dodecahedrons] are one of archaeology’s great enigmas,” [Richard Parker, secretary of the Norton Disney History and Archaeology Group] says.

“Our example is remarkable. It’s in an excellent condition—considering it’s been buried for 1,700 years—and complete with no damage.["]

[...]

The hollow, grapefruit-sized object is made of copper alloy, as the Norton Disney group writes on its website. Its 12 flat sides are punctuated by circular cut-outs and studs on each corner.

According to the group, the discovery brings the number of dodecahedrons unearthed in Roman Britain to 33, while about 130 have been discovered throughout the Roman Empire’s northwest provinces. [The dodecahedron discussed in the article] stands out because it’s still in one piece, while many of the others were found fragmented or damaged.

[...]

Some Roman dodecahedrons date to as early as the first century C.E. However, no visual or textual references to the objects have been found in historical records. [...]

“Nobody knows for certain how the Romans used them,” wrote Smithsonian magazine’s Sarah Kuta last year. “Some theories are that they functioned as measuring devices, calendars, ornamental scepter toppers, weapons or tools.”

[...]

[...] the group agrees with experts who think dodecahedrons were used for ritualistic or religious purposes. [...] researchers at Belgium’s Gallo-Roman Museum have hypothesized that Romans used the objects in magical rituals, which could explain dodecahedrons’ absence from historical records: With the Roman Empire’s eventual embrace of Christianity came laws forbidding magic. Practitioners would have had to keep their rituals—and related objects—a secret.

/end of extract

"12-sided Roman relic baffles archaeologists, spawns countless theories"

Author: Leo Sands Publication: The Washington Post Timestamp: April 30, 2024 at 11:09 a.m. EDT

Extract:

“One reason that it is so captivating for the public is that it’s hard to believe that we have anything from the Roman period that we don’t know what it’s for,” Lorena Hitchens, an archaeologist specializing in Roman dodecahedrons[...] “It’s very tempting to want to solve that mystery.”

[...]

Internet sleuths have joined the speculation [...] with many gravitating toward an explanation that revolves around their use as tools. [...] knit and crochet pattern designer Amy Gaines posits [...] that dodecahedrons may have been used to knit gold chains, constructing a 3D-printed replica to demonstrate her theory.[...] English Heritage lists theories ranging from a tool for finding the best date to sow grain, to functioning as a candleholder, a polygonal die, a range finder, a surveying instrument, or a way of knitting gloves.

But academic archaeologists shy away from the suggestion that they were practical objects used as everyday tools. “I know that because I’ve examined a lot of them, and they don’t have the kind of use wear you’d expect from a tool,” Hitchens said.

“They’re also much more delicate than people realize,” she said. “They would be broken very quickly.”

[...]

The most popular theory among academic experts [...] is that dodecahedrons held religious or ritual meaning, linked in some way to local practices on the Roman Empire’s fringes.

Proponents of this theory [...] point to the intricacy of the object itself, suggesting it probably had special value. According to Hitchens, the relic was made using a lost-wax bronze-casting process, an extremely technical feat — made even more challenging by the fact that the final product was hollow. [...]

/end of extract

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

By: Eric W. Dolan

Published: March 17, 2024

A new psychological assessment has been developed to measure the endorsement of attitudes related to critical social justice. Findings from its application in a Finnish study reveal that stronger alignment with these so-called “woke” beliefs correlates with heightened instances of anxiety and depression, as detailed in a publication in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.

The rise of critical social justice, which focuses on identifying and addressing systemic inequalities across various identity groups, has prompted discussions on its influence in academia, politics, and everyday life. This particular orientation towards social justice — often associated with concepts like intersectionality, antiracism, and, colloquially, “wokeness” — has been both lauded for its recognition of systemic barriers faced by marginalized groups and critiqued for its approach to identity and free speech.

Yet, despite the debate surrounding critical social justice, there has been a noticeable gap in empirical data regarding the extent and impact of it. Recognizing this, the author of the new study aimed to create a reliable tool for assessing critical social justice and to explore its prevalence and effects.

“I had been paying attention to a development in American universities, where a new discourse on social justice became prevalent in the 2010s,” said study author Oskari Lahtinen, a senior researcher at the INVEST Research Flagship Centre at the University of Turku and author of the book Onko mindfulnessista mihinkään?.

“While critical social justice (or intersectional or ‘woke’) discourse draws mainly from dynamics within American society it has now surfaced in other Western countries as well. The arrival of a critical social justice (often called ‘woke’) discourse sparked much debate in Finnish media in the last couple of years.”

“This debate was largely data-free and it could thus be considered a worthwhile question to study how prevalent these attitudes are. No reliable and valid instrument existed prior to the study to assess the extent and prevalence of these attitudes in different populations, so I set out to develop one.”

The initial phase of the research was dedicated to creating a pilot scale for assessing critical social justice attitudes. This process began with a thorough review of the literature on intersectional feminism, critical race theory, queer theory, and other relevant academic disciplines that inform critical social justice. Based on these theoretical frameworks, Lahtinen drafted candidate items for the scale related to beliefs about systemic oppression.

The pilot scale was then tested with a sample of 851 participants, comprising university staff and students primarily from the University of Turku, along with a smaller number of participants from other Finnish universities and the general public.

Following the pilot study, Lahtinen conducted a second study focusing on refining the scale based on the initial findings and validating it with a larger, more representative sample. This phase involved drafting additional items to better capture the ideas that embody critical social justice.

The refined scale was then administered to over 5,000 participants through a nationwide survey distributed via Helsingin Sanomat, Finland’s largest newspaper. This approach aimed to reach a broad cross-section of the Finnish population, enhancing the generalizability of the findings.

The final version of the Critical Social Justice Attitude Scale demonstrated high reliability and a good model fit. This means that the scale was dependable across different samples and contexts, and effectively captured the underlying construct of critical social justice attitudes. The scale also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity, suggesting it is an effective tool for measuring critical social justice attitudes.

Final scale consisted of seven items:

“If white people have on average a higher level of income than black people, it is because of racism.”

“University reading lists should include fewer white or European authors.”

“Microaggressions should be challenged often and actively.”

“Trans* women who compete with women in sports are not helping women’s rights.” (reverse scored)

“We don’t need to talk more about the color of people’s skin.”

“A white person cannot understand how a black person feels equally well as another black person.”

“A member of a privileged group can adopt features or cultural elements of a less privileged group.” (reverse scored)

One of the central revelations of the study was that critical social justice attitudes are not as widespread in Finland as might be inferred from public and media discussions. Overall, the findings suggested a cautious reception towards critical social justice among the general population. This observation was particularly pronounced among male participants, who showed considerably lower agreement with the statements compared to their female counterparts.

“The gender divide was probably most surprising to me,” Lahtinen told PsyPost. “Three out of five women view ‘woke’ ideas positively, but only one out of seven men. This was the case in Finland, at least.”

The study also uncovered variations in critical social justice attitudes across different demographic and social groups. Higher levels of agreement with critical social justice were notably present among individuals who identified with left-wing political parties and female university students in fields such as social sciences, education, and humanities. On the other hand, individuals associated with STEM fields and right-wing political affiliations tended to show lower agreement with critical social justice principles.

An intriguing aspect of the study was its exploration of the relationship between critical social justice and mental well-being. Lahtinen found a correlation between higher agreement with critical social justice attitudes and increased reports of anxiety and depression. Agreement with the statement “If white people have on average a higher income than black people, it is because of racism” exhibited the largest positive correlation with anxiety and depression, and the largest negative correlation with happiness.

However, these associations were more strongly correlated with participants’ political orientation than with critical social justice attitudes per se. Specifically, being on the political left was more predictive of lower mental well-being than high critical social justice scores alone. This suggests that the link between critical social justice attitudes and mental health is complex and may be mediated by broader political and ideological beliefs.

The new research provides unique insight into critical social justice attitudes and their implications in contemporary society. But the study’s focus on Finland necessitates caution when generalizing its findings to other contexts.

“The studies were quite robust with a sample size above 5,000 and good psychometric properties,” Lahtinen said. “However, the scale would need to be validated in North American samples in order to know how these attitudes manifest there. I encourage colleagues in the United States to study the prevalence of these attitudes in the country where they originate from.”

The study, “Construction and validation of a scale for assessing critical social justice attitudes,” was published March 14, 2024.

--

Abstract

Two large studies (combined n = 5,878) set out to construct and validate a scale for assessing critical social justice attitudes. Studies assessed the reliability, factor structure, model fit, and both convergent and divergent validity of the scale. Studies also examined the prevalence of critical social justice attitudes in different populations and the scale's correlations with other variables of interest, including well-being variables: anxiety, depression, and happiness. Participants for Study 1 (n = 848) were university faculty and students, as well as non-academic adults, from Finland. Participants responded to a survey about critical social justice attitudes. Twenty one candidate items were devised for an initial item pool, on which factor analyses were conducted, resulting in a 10-item pilot version of critical social justice attitude scales (CSJAS). Participants for Study 2 were a nationwide sample (n = 5,030) aged 15–84 from Finland. Five new candidate items were introduced, of which two were included in the final, seven-item, version of CSJAS. The final CSJAS scale had high reliability (α = 0.87, ω = 0.88) and a good model fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = 0.01, χ2 (14, 5024) = 132.8 (p < 0.001)) as well as convergent and divergent validity. Overall, the study sample rejected critical social justice propositions, with strong rejection from men. Women expressed more than twice as much support for the propositions (d = 1.20). In both studies, CSJAS was correlated with depression, anxiety, and (lack of) happiness, but not more so than being on the political left was. The critical social justice attitude scale was successfully constructed and validated. It had good reliability and model fit.

[..]

Discussion

The purpose of Study 1 and 2 was to construct a scale for assessing critical social justice attitudes. A pilot scale was constructed in Study 1 and it was then used as a basis for developing the final scale in Study 2. In the end, a seven-item scale was devised from a total of 26 candidate items. The CSJAS had good-to-excellent psychometric properties: high reliability and a factor structure that had good fit in confirmatory factor analyses. The scale was strongly correlated with self-reported “wokeness,” indicating convergent validity. The scale also explained variance in self-reported “wokeness” unexplained by related concepts, left–right and liberal–conservative axes, indicating divergent validity. In the study samples, the scale's psychometric performance was at least as good as those of standard psychiatric instruments for measuring anxiety and depression. The best model fit was in an academic subpopulation, but the model fit well with in the general population as well.

The studies also assessed how having critical social justice attitudes relates to well-being variables. Many authors have previously linked critical social justice attitudes to poorer mental well-being in their work implicitly, but have not studied them directly (e.g., Lukianoff & Haidt, 2018). In our samples (Study 1 and Study 2), having high CSJAS scores was linked to anxiety, depression, and a lack of happiness. However, Study 2 indicated that this lower level of mental well-being was mostly associated with being on the political left and not specifically with having a high CSJAS score. The association between lower mental health and supporting the political left is in line with what other studies have found prior to this one (Bernardi, 2021; Gimbrone et al., 2022).

Critical social justice attitudes were somewhat prevalent in women, but not so much in men. Men rejected all but one item in the final CSJA scale, whereas women were cautiously supportive of scale items. Overall, study samples rejected the phenomenon with the 5,030 participants in Study 2, on average, agreeing with 0 items, in-between about three items, and rejecting four items, even though left-wing party supporters were overrepresented in the sample. In addition to CSJAS scores, this is also seen in somewhat low self-reported “wokeness.” People who supported left-wing parties and female university students in social sciences, education, and humanities, as well as people with “other” gender, were the most in support of the scale items. This indicates that, at least in Finland, what Yascha Mounk called “the identity synthesis,”, Tim Urban “social justice fundamentalism” and others “intersectionality” or “wokeness” seems to currently be a gendered phenomenon with little to no support from men and moderate support from women. What accounts for this gender difference can perhaps be investigated in future studies.

--

[kpodcast]

"I Just Make it Easy"

Somehow, "Easy" has remained the Stray Kids song with the most 5's in our ranking survey and we're all wondering one thing... How?

Not to say the song doesn't deserve it, because "Easy" is an excellent song, but what about it gives it statistically a higher average than literally everything else?

While we can't give a reason for this, we can look at the song from an objective standpoint and see what is happening within the music.

First, as always, the construction of the song.

This song's format is pretty easy to follow.

0:00 Intro

0:06 Verse 1 - This has Han's and Hyunjin's rap, as well as a little Felix at the end.

0:33 prechorus - Starts with I.N and ends with Lee Know and the iconic line "I just make it easy"

0:47 chorus - Starts immediately with "DA DA DA" before Chan and Seungmin take this chorus away with "I make you say wow". This first half of the chorus has more movement in the melody line.

1:00 chorus pt.2  - "Come and watch me now" Lee Know and Han, really cementing the "It's so easy" especially with the simple melody.

1:13 Verse 2 - Hyunjin and Changbin's rap, which starts pretty melodic and ends with Changbin just flexing his skills.

1:27 Felix low bit - "엎고 놀래 엄마 몰래 다 엎고 놀래 모두 놀래"

1:34 Verse 2 cont. - Changbin finishing what he started and just giving an amazing rap to finish off the verse.

1:42 prechorus - Again with I.N and Lee Know

1:53 chorus - Seungmin and Chan again, but they switched from the last time.

2:06 chorus pt. 2 - Lee Know and Han again

2:21 bridge - All Seungmin, with some excellent harmonies.

2:33 (instrumental)

2:40 Felix low bit - that hook again

2:45 DA DA DA DA into chorus pt. 2 “come and watch me now” - I.N and Chan

Again, it's a pretty simple formula for a song. The verses are similar, the chorus and prechorus are identical, which makes for very easy listening. The most interesting part is Felix's low bit. It happens twice, once in the middle of verse 2, and once before the final chorus. It is its own piece, and becomes sort of a hook/refrain for the song.

Second, the musical elements

Immediately, the instrumentation is so simple and easy. Throughout the verses and into the chorus there is very little variation. Coming from last week, this is in direct contrast with "God's Menu" where the instrumentation had lots of variation in each section.

There's a lot more happening in the instrumental of "Easy" than meets the eye (the ear?), allowing the verses and chorus to be a little more simple. The verses (like "God's Menu") are all raps, but these raps are different; they're fast and crisp and rely less on being melodic. The prechorus and chorus have a simple melody. I think the most diversity we get in the melody is during Seungmin's bridge. Because these vocals are simple, the complex instrumentation doesn't detract/distract from the melody.

There's this little 5 note melody in the music that is very prevalent in the chorus underneath the vocals and a similar melody underneath the verses. They're in a high register and a minor key, adding a haunting quality to it.

Speaking of minor keys, the very beginning of "Easy" is a simple minor scale which sets up the tone/vibe for the entire song. But the scale ends on the leading tone (note 7 of the scale) with no immediate resolution. It gives a feeling of anticipation, of waiting for that last note to drop. In the case of "Easy", the leading tone drops into the verse without its natural conclusion.

Third, a general ~vibe~

Last week, we talked about lyrics, but "Easy" isn't complex (pun intended?). It talks about how "I make it look so easy" and that Stray Kids aren't going to stop doing what they love. Even though it's one of their quieter songs (especially compared to "God's Menu" which is the title track of the same album) it has the same confidence and certainty the rest of their music carries, with a similar message.

With "Easy" being a b-side, there's a sense of Stray Kids stretching their talents and expanding their musicality. There are additional vocal talents beside I.N, Seungmin and Bang Chan (Lee Know sings a lot of the chorus). Changbin and Han both show off their technical skills in rapping here, with their speed and crispness. Felix's repeated hook has a melody to it and the deep register of his voice isn't used as a simple shock factor.

All in all, it's a chill song. It's easy listening and with a simple melody, but does not forgo Stray Kids's style or flair.

If you rated "Easy" as a 5, please feel free to reply or send an ask to tell us why!

[landsurveyorsgloucestershireukco]

Enhancing Efficiency and Accuracy: The Advantages of Drone Surveyors in Coleford

In today's rapidly evolving world, technological advancements have revolutionized various industries, including surveying. Drone surveyors have emerged as an innovative solution, bringing a multitude of benefits to the field. This article explores how drone surveyors in Coleford, South West, are transforming traditional surveying practices, enhancing efficiency, and delivering accurate results.

Unleashing the Potential of Drone Surveyors Drone surveyors utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-resolution cameras and advanced sensors to capture detailed imagery and data of vast areas quickly and efficiently. These cutting-edge devices are particularly beneficial for surveying projects in Coleford's challenging terrains, where conventional surveying methods might face limitations. With their ability to navigate difficult landscapes and reach inaccessible areas, drone surveyors offer a comprehensive and cost-effective solution.

Enhanced Efficiency and Time Savings One of the primary advantages of employing drone surveyors in Coleford is the significant improvement in efficiency and time savings. Traditional surveying methods often require manual labor, extensive equipment setup, and lengthy data collection processes. In contrast, drones can rapidly cover large areas within a short time, eliminating the need for labor-intensive ground surveys. By automating data collection, drone surveyors enable faster project completion, saving both time and resources for clients.

Superior Accuracy and High-Quality Data Accuracy is paramount in surveying, and drone surveyors excel in this aspect. Equipped with advanced imaging technology, drones capture high-resolution aerial images that provide accurate and detailed information for mapping, modeling, and analysis. The collected data can be processed using specialized software to create precise 3D models, topographic maps, and volumetric calculations. By minimizing human error and offering a more comprehensive perspective, drone surveyors deliver reliable and actionable insights to clients in Coleford.

Safety and Environmental Benefits Drone surveyors prioritize safety and reduce risks associated with traditional surveying methods. By replacing the need for personnel to traverse treacherous terrain, drones minimize the chances of accidents and injuries. Additionally, drone surveys minimize disturbance to the environment, as they operate without the need for extensive ground disruption. This environmentally-friendly approach aligns with the growing global emphasis on sustainability and responsible practices. South West Surveys' utilization of drone surveyors in Coleford demonstrates their commitment to both safety and ecological stewardship.

Applications in Various Industries Drone surveyors find applications across diverse industries, further exemplifying their versatility. In construction, drones aid in site analysis, progress monitoring, and quality control. Infrastructure planning benefits from the accurate data provided by drone surveys, assisting in road design, pipeline routing, and urban planning. In agriculture, drones contribute to precision farming, enabling crop health assessments and yield optimization. The renewable energy sector leverages drone surveys for site suitability analysis and maintenance inspections. The possibilities are vast, and drone surveyors are instrumental in delivering efficient and accurate results across multiple sectors.

Conclusion The utilization of drone surveyors in Coleford has revolutionized the field of surveying, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and safety. South West Surveys' adoption of this cutting-edge technology reflects their commitment to delivering high-quality services. By harnessing the power of drone surveyors, clients in Coleford can expect timely, precise, and cost-effective surveying solutions for their projects.

[measuring-tools]

Toolbox Tech: When to Upgrade from Spirit to Digital or Laser Levels

Introduction: The Significance of Leveling Tools in Modern Construction

In the world of construction, precision is not a luxury—it's a necessity. The fundamental requirement for level surfaces transcends projects large and small, whether you're erecting a commercial building or installing a simple shelf. For decades, spirit levels have served as the trusted go-to for builders and DIYers alike. With their simple design and ease of use, they have become synonymous with accuracy in both professional and personal toolboxes. However, as technology evolves, so too do the instruments that professionals rely on. The rise of digital and laser levels introduces new dimensions of precision, speed, and functionality that traditional tools struggle to match. The question then arises: when does it make sense to transition from the tried-and-true spirit level to its modern counterparts? This article explores the differences between these tools, evaluates the specific use cases for each, and provides detailed guidance on when an upgrade is not only beneficial but necessary.

A Brief History of Leveling Instruments

Understanding the current landscape of leveling tools begins with a brief look at their historical development. Spirit levels, also known as bubble levels, date back to the 17th century and were first used in France. These early tools relied on a liquid-filled vial with an air bubble that indicated levelness. Simple, effective, and relatively durable, the spirit level became a staple in carpentry, masonry, and general construction. It maintained its dominance for centuries due to its reliability and low cost.

As engineering demands became more complex and the need for accuracy intensified, innovations emerged. The late 20th century saw the introduction of laser levels, which allowed for more precise, long-distance alignment and were particularly useful in large-scale construction and surveying. Digital levels soon followed, incorporating sensors and microprocessors to provide numeric readouts and enhanced accuracy. These newer tools introduced capabilities that traditional spirit levels simply could not offer. Despite their advanced features, adoption was initially slow, hindered by cost and user familiarity. However, as prices dropped and usability improved, digital and laser levels began to find their place in the modern toolbox.

The Fundamentals: How Different Levels Operate

At their core, all leveling tools aim to establish a horizontal or vertical reference line. The distinction lies in how each tool achieves this objective. Spirit levels function by relying on gravity and the position of a bubble within a vial to indicate whether a surface is level. They are manual, require visual interpretation, and are susceptible to user error if not handled properly.

Laser levels, by contrast, project a visible laser beam across surfaces, providing a continuous, highly visible reference line. These tools are beneficial in larger areas or when multiple points must align simultaneously. They are especially valuable in tiling, framing, and grading applications. Meanwhile, digital levels use internal sensors and electronic inclinometers to provide a digital readout of the angle or slope. These readings can be precise to a fraction of a degree and are often accompanied by audible cues or memory functions.

Each type of level has strengths and limitations. Spirit levels are durable and require no power source, but their accuracy diminishes with wear and improper calibration. Laser levels offer range and visibility but depend on batteries and can be sensitive to environmental conditions. Digital levels combine precision with convenience, yet their complexity and higher cost may deter some users. Understanding these differences is essential when considering an upgrade.

Evaluating Project Needs: One Size Doesn’t Fit All

The decision to upgrade your leveling tool should begin with an assessment of your typical projects. If most of your work involves small-scale, straightforward tasks such as hanging pictures or assembling furniture, a high-quality spirit level may suffice. However, for more intricate or large-scale projects—such as installing cabinetry, laying tile, or framing walls—the benefits of advanced levels become apparent.

Professionals often encounter environments where consistency and time management are critical. For instance, aligning multiple wall studs or ensuring consistent slope in a drainage system requires both precision and efficiency. In such cases, the ability of laser levels to cover long distances and maintain visibility in varied lighting conditions offers a significant advantage. Similarly, digital levels provide reliable numeric feedback, reducing ambiguity and minimizing rework.

Another consideration is the nature of the surfaces involved. Uneven or irregular substrates can challenge even the most experienced users. Here, digital levels can offer the clarity and specificity needed to make fine adjustments. If your work involves frequent verification of angles or slope compliance with regulations, then the detailed readouts of a digital level become indispensable. Thus, understanding your work's complexity and volume is key to determining the need for an upgrade.

Cost vs. Value: Understanding the Investment

One of the most common barriers to upgrading from spirit to digital or laser levels is cost. Spirit levels are often inexpensive, widely available, and have minimal maintenance requirements. In contrast, digital and laser levels can range significantly in price depending on features, brand, and intended use. However, the upfront cost should be weighed against long-term value.

For professionals, time is money. A level that reduces measurement errors, speeds up tasks, and lowers the chance of costly rework can pay for itself quickly. Additionally, many modern levels are built with rugged construction and features such as water and dust resistance, making them suitable for demanding job sites. The extended durability and increased functionality can make them a cost-effective choice over time.

Moreover, the decreasing cost of technology has made advanced levels more accessible. Entry-level laser and digital levels are now available at price points that are competitive with high-end spirit levels. For DIY enthusiasts who frequently undertake complex projects, these tools offer an opportunity to elevate the quality of work without a prohibitive investment. It is crucial to consider not just the purchase price but the overall return on investment in terms of productivity and accuracy.

Learning Curve and Usability Factors

While digital and laser levels offer numerous advantages, they also introduce a learning curve. Spirit levels are intuitive and require minimal instruction, making them user-friendly for beginners. Advanced tools, however, often come with features such as calibration settings, memory functions, and varying projection modes that can initially overwhelm new users.

Manufacturers have addressed this concern by incorporating user-friendly interfaces and providing detailed manuals or instructional videos. Some digital levels include auto-calibration features and straightforward readouts, while laser levels often come with mounting accessories that simplify setup. The key to successful adoption lies in familiarity and practice. Most users find that with a modest amount of training, the functionality of these tools becomes second nature.

Moreover, the added complexity is often justified by the benefits. Once mastered, digital and laser levels can streamline workflows and reduce reliance on secondary measurements. Their ability to provide real-time feedback and store data further enhances their usability. In professional settings where multiple team members rely on consistent standards, the standardized outputs of advanced levels help ensure uniform results.

Field Conditions and Environmental Considerations

Another important factor when choosing between level types is the working environment. Spirit levels are robust and generally perform well under various conditions. However, their visibility can be compromised in low-light situations, and their effectiveness diminishes on large-scale projects requiring long reference lines.

Laser levels, on the other hand, are ideal for low-light or expansive environments. Their beams are visible over long distances and can be adjusted for different lighting conditions. Many models include self-leveling mechanisms that automatically adjust for uneven surfaces, increasing accuracy and efficiency. However, they require battery power and can be sensitive to extreme temperatures or moisture unless specifically rated for such conditions.

Digital levels also offer high reliability but depend on electronic components that may require maintenance or calibration. Their performance is generally stable, but models with higher ingress protection (IP) ratings are better suited for dusty or wet environments. Professionals working in variable conditions should prioritize models designed for durability and environmental resistance. Evaluating the specific demands of your work site is crucial for selecting a tool that meets both accuracy and resilience requirements.

Workflow Integration and Tool Compatibility

Integrating a new tool into an existing workflow can significantly affect productivity. Advanced levels often include features designed to complement other tools and systems. For example, digital levels can interface with construction software or mobile apps, allowing data to be recorded and shared in real-time. Laser levels often include accessories like tripods, wall mounts, and detectors to enhance versatility and precision.

This interoperability streamlines tasks that traditionally required multiple tools and steps. In applications such as framing, tiling, or decking, the ability to project a continuous line or obtain exact measurements can eliminate the need for constant manual checks. This translates to faster completion times and reduced labor costs. Additionally, the consistency provided by advanced levels helps ensure that projects meet quality standards and pass inspections.

Professionals and teams that rely on coordinated efforts benefit from standardized tools that minimize discrepancies. For example, a foreman can use a laser level to outline the parameters of a task, ensuring that every team member works from the same reference. Digital levels, with their precise readouts, support this uniformity and reduce interpretation errors. Therefore, compatibility with existing processes and team dynamics is a critical consideration.

Industry Applications and Use Case Scenarios

The utility of leveling tools extends across numerous industries, each with specific demands. In residential construction, spirit levels have traditionally been sufficient for tasks such as framing and cabinet installation. However, the increasing complexity and expectations of modern homes often call for the precision of digital or laser tools.

In commercial construction, the stakes are even higher. Large-scale alignments, multiple subcontractors, and stringent quality controls necessitate tools that offer both speed and accuracy. Laser levels, in particular, excel in these environments by enabling rapid layout and verification over large areas. Similarly, digital levels are invaluable in applications requiring slope compliance, such as drainage systems or wheelchair-accessible ramps.

Specialized trades also benefit from advanced levels. Electricians use laser levels to align outlets and conduit runs. Plumbers rely on digital levels to ensure proper pipe slopes. Tilers and floor installers benefit from the visible reference lines of laser levels for accurate alignment. In all these scenarios, upgrading from traditional tools can result in better outcomes, fewer mistakes, and enhanced professional credibility.

Making the Upgrade: A Step-by-Step Guide

Deciding to upgrade your leveling tools should be a deliberate process. Begin by identifying the limitations of your current tools. Are you spending too much time verifying measurements? Are your results inconsistent or prone to error? Once you have a clear understanding of the shortcomings, research models that address these gaps.

Start with a mid-range digital or laser level to become familiar with the technology. Look for features that align with your most common tasks, such as angle measurement, memory functions, or extended projection lines. Read reviews and consult professionals who have made similar upgrades. Take advantage of product demos or training sessions when available.

Ensure that the model you choose is suitable for your work environment and compatible with your existing tools. Pay attention to battery life, ease of calibration, and manufacturer support. Finally, practice using the tool in controlled settings before deploying it on critical projects. A thoughtful, gradual approach minimizes disruptions and maximizes the benefits of your investment.

Conclusion: Embracing Precision in the Modern Toolbox

The construction landscape is evolving, and so too must the tools we use. While spirit levels continue to serve as reliable instruments for many applications, the benefits of advanced tools are difficult to ignore. As projects grow in complexity and demand higher standards, the precision and efficiency offered by digital and laser levels provide a compelling case for upgrade.

Whether you're a seasoned professional or a dedicated DIY enthusiast, embracing technology enhances not just your results but your workflow. The transition to digital levels represents a commitment to accuracy, professionalism, and future-readiness. In a field where every millimeter counts, upgrading your leveling tools is not just a choice—it's a strategic move toward excellence.

[officialarnold-devt]

What’s the Difference Between Town Planning and Surveying in Property Development?

In the realm of property development, understanding the distinct roles of town planning and surveying is essential for success. These two disciplines are fundamental to shaping Australia’s urban and rural environments, yet they serve very different functions within the development process. Clear knowledge of their differences not only aids compliance with legal and regulatory standards but also ensures a smoother path from concept to construction.

Understanding the Role of Town Planning

Town planning, often referred to as urban planning, involves the strategic design and regulation of land use to guide the development and growth of communities. In the Australian context, town planning is deeply integrated with local and state government frameworks. Planners are responsible for preparing development applications, interpreting planning schemes, and aligning projects with environmental, social, and economic policies.

Key responsibilities include:

Interpreting and applying zoning regulations

Preparing town planning reports and development applications

Liaising with councils and government agencies

Assessing land suitability for specific types of development

Managing community consultation processes

The goal of town planning and surveying practices from the planning side is to create sustainable, efficient, and liveable spaces. It takes a forward-thinking approach, focusing on long-term growth, transport access, public amenities, and environmental protection.

Defining the Function of Surveying

In contrast, surveying is a technical discipline centred around the precise measurement and mapping of land. Surveyors use specialised equipment and software to define property boundaries, identify topographical features, and provide accurate spatial data critical for engineering and construction.

In property development, surveyors perform tasks such as:

Boundary and cadastral surveys

Topographic and contour surveys

Subdivision plans and strata titling

Construction set-out surveys

Geodetic and GPS-based measurements

Surveying ensures that land parcels are clearly defined and accurately recorded. It forms the physical basis on which planning, design, and construction decisions are made. Without accurate surveying, legal disputes and costly construction errors are more likely.

How Town Planning and Surveying Work Together

Although their roles differ, town planning and surveying are interdependent in the property development process. Surveyors often provide the data that town planners use to assess land capability and compliance. For example, a topographical survey may reveal flooding risks or elevation changes that affect a site’s development potential.

Planners, on the other hand, determine what can be done with the land and how developments should be structured in accordance with local planning schemes. Effective collaboration between the two disciplines ensures development projects are viable, lawful, and aligned with community expectations.

Key Differences Between Town Planning and Surveying

Focus and Objective

Town planning focuses on policy, land use, and regulatory compliance.

Surveying focuses on measurement, mapping, and physical land definition.

Scope of Work

Town planners assess development feasibility and manage approval pathways.

Surveyors provide the technical groundwork that enables physical development.

Regulatory Frameworks

Planners work closely with local councils, interpreting planning legislation.

Surveyors operate under spatial regulations and land titling systems.

Tools and Methods

Town planners rely on planning instruments and community input.

Surveyors utilise total stations, GPS, and CAD software for data collection and analysis.

Why These Differences Matter in Australian Property Development

Understanding the distinction between town planning and surveying is critical in navigating Australia’s property development landscape. From initial site selection to final approvals, knowing when to engage a planner versus a surveyor can streamline timelines and reduce costs.

For instance, during a residential subdivision, a town planner will manage zoning compliance and prepare the development application. A surveyor will then create the subdivision plan and mark the new lot boundaries. Without either, the project cannot proceed.

In complex developments—whether in Sydney’s urban centres or regional Queensland—success relies on recognising the value each discipline brings to the table.

Conclusion

In summary, while town planning and surveying operate within the same sector, their functions, tools, and objectives are fundamentally different. Town planning shapes the vision and regulatory pathway of a development, while surveying provides the technical accuracy and spatial clarity required to bring that vision to life.

For property developers across Australia, recognising these distinctions ensures better project outcomes and compliance with ever-evolving planning and land use regulations. Clear coordination between planning and surveying professionals is not just beneficial—it’s essential for the successful delivery of any property development project.

[sathiyarajm]

Route Surveys: The Silent Force Behind Every Safe and Smooth Road

In the following sections, I will present the basic definition of route surveys and their importance, and I will also shed some light on some of the general methods of route surveying that help develop safe, cost-effective, and long-lasting roads.

What Exactly Are Route Surveys?

Think of route surveys as a detailed “map check” for new roads, railways, or pipelines. Before anything is built, experts come out to study the land carefully. They check out everything from hills and valleys to soil quality and existing buildings. This helps them understand the land’s natural challenges and find the best way forward.

Simply put, route surveys answer important questions like:

Where should the road go?

What obstacles need to be avoided or planned for?

How can we save money and stay safe while building?

Without this step, construction can run into big problems later on.

Why Are Route Surveys So Important for Roads?

Imagine building a road without really knowing the land—it could mean steep hills, weak ground, or protected wildlife areas that cause huge delays or extra costs. Here’s why route surveys matter:

1. Getting It Right From the Start

Route surveys provide precise information so engineers can design a road that fits perfectly with the land.

2. Saving Money

Finding problems early means avoiding expensive surprises during construction.

3. Keeping Everyone Safe

Choosing the right route lowers the risk of accidents and structural issues.

4. Following the Rules

Governments often require detailed route surveys to approve new roads and make sure the environment is protected.

Common Route Surveying Techniques

Modern surveying relies on a mix of traditional skills and advanced tools. Here’s a quick comparison of commonly used route surveying techniques:

Technique

Description

Best Suited For

Topographic Surveying

Captures the elevation and contour of land surfaces.

Planning layout and grading work.

GPS/GNSS

Satellite-based positioning systems for accurate location tracking.

Open areas and large-scale surveys.

Total Stations

Electronic instruments for precise distance and angle measurement.

High-detail site measurements.

LiDAR Scanning

Uses laser pulses to generate 3D models of terrain and objects.

Forested or rough terrain.

Drone Surveys

Aerial surveys using drones for quick data capture over large areas.

Large, hard-to-access construction sites.

Technique Description Best Used For

Topographic Surveying Maps land features like slopes and elevations. General layout and design planning.

GPS/GNSS Uses satellites to find precise coordinates. Accurate point marking and navigation.

Total Station Combines angle and distance measurement tools. Highly accurate site surveys.

LiDAR Scanning Uses lasers to scan terrain from the air or ground. Dense vegetation or uneven land.

Drone Surveys Captures aerial photos and data quickly and safely. Large or hard-to-reach areas.

These route surveying techniques are often combined to produce the most reliable data for planning roads and other infrastructure.

How Does a Route Survey Actually Work?

Here’s what usually happens:

1.Planning Ahead – Surveyors start by looking at maps and previous info to prepare.

2.Out in the Field – They visit the site, take measurements, and check the ground.

3.Crunching the Numbers – The data is processed with software to figure out the best path.

4.Sharing Results – Surveyors create reports that help engineers design the road.

Using the right route surveying techniques at each stage is key to making the survey accurate and useful.

Real-Life Success Stories

Take the example of a highway planned through hilly land. Thanks to a detailed route survey, engineers spotted unstable soil and landslide risks early on. They changed the route slightly to avoid these trouble spots, saving lots of money and making the road safer for everyone.

Similarly, pipelines that cross forests or rivers depend heavily on route surveys and modern route surveying techniques to protect wildlife and minimize environmental damage.

What are the Challenges Surveyors Face?

Surveying is not always easy. especially in India’s varied landscapes. Here’s a breakdown of some common challenges:

Challenge

Explanation

Difficult Terrain

Mountainous regions, forests, or marshes can be hard to access and survey.

Weather Conditions

Heavy rain, extreme heat, or fog can delay survey activities.

Remote Locations

Sites far from towns may lack roads, electricity, or communication signals.

Environmental Regulations

Surveyors must work around wildlife zones, water bodies, or heritage sites.

Land Ownership Disputes

Unclear land titles or encroachments can delay or block survey work.

Challenge Description

Rough Terrain Mountains, forests, or rivers can limit equipment access.

Weather Conditions Rain, extreme heat, or fog can delay or disrupt survey activities.

Remote Locations Some areas are difficult to reach, increasing time and cost.

Environmental Laws Surveyors must work around protected areas, wildlife, and forest zones.

Technology has certainly played a big role in tackling many of these challenges, but we still need human expertise to make sound decisions in real-world situations.

How to Choose the Right Route Surveying Team

Picking the right survey team is key. Look for:

Experience with projects like yours

Use of modern technology and methods

Clear, detailed reports you can trust

Good reviews or recommendations

A great surveying partner who understands route surveys and applies the latest route surveying techniques will make your whole project smoother and less stressful.

Route surveys may not be the prickle in the tongue during road building, yet they remain a paramount procedure. They help ensure roads planned well, made safely, and for the long term.

Any construction project should warrant you working with professionals who can competently apply the route surveying techniques. It will be an investment for you to sleep well and come out an obvious success.

[lidarsolutionsaus]

Ground Truth from the Sky: How LiDAR and 3D Scanning Power Smarter Projects

At LiDAR Solutions, we deliver more than data—we provide the tools to transform your planning, design, and development process. Using advanced lidar surveying, a high-performance lidar sensor, and precise 3d scanning, we give you detailed insights you can trust.

Lidar surveying gives our clients an edge across industries like construction, urban planning, mining, and agriculture. Instead of relying on outdated or incomplete maps, you gain full visibility with high-resolution terrain models. Our team captures every slope, ridge, and change in elevation with centimetre-level accuracy. With lidar surveying, you don’t waste time correcting guesswork—you move forward with certainty.

The key to this accuracy lies in the lidar sensor. These cutting-edge instruments emit laser pulses from drones or aircraft, measuring the time it takes for each pulse to reflect off the surface. Our lidar sensor technology works in harsh conditions—whether it’s dense bushland, coastal cliffs, or rolling farmland—capturing data quickly and reliably.

To complement our aerial scans, we offer advanced 3d scanning. This technique captures the exact structure and shape of buildings, terrain, and infrastructure. Through 3d scanning, we generate highly detailed digital models used in architectural design, engineering, and asset management. You can rotate, measure, and examine every inch of a scanned space before making a single physical change.

Our team handles each project with expert precision. We adapt our technology to suit your location, goals, and budget—delivering clear results, fast turnaround times, and detailed analysis every step of the way.

Whether you're mapping a future development or preserving a historical site, LiDAR Solutions brings unmatched clarity and control to your project.

Let us help you visualise success—reach out today to discover how LiDAR and 3D technology can shape your next move.

Source

[seoresellerca]

How to Search for an SEO Expert You Can Rely On

Any SEO expert you choose could either advance your online growth or render your business unsuccessful. As a local business or a growing agency, it is imperative to find an SEO professional who meets your expectation and keeps pace with current algorithm changes.

What Responsibilities SEO Professionals Are Charged With.

An SEO expert's primary function is to enhance your website's ranking on search engines .This encompasses keyword exploration, content marketing, backlink construction, and thorough technical SEO evaluations. In Canada, we are SEO Renewal, and we specialize not just in ranking increases through search engine optimization but also in integrating search engines and business frameworks.

What to Look for When Choosing an SEO Expert.

Survey Their Marketing Knowledge.

Look for someone who has been tried and tested in your field of business. Many Canadian companies have preferred our SEO Resellers Canada SEO consulting services because of the proven results we develop with custom SEO strategies for every new client based on their specific needs and industry.

Confirm That They Use Research Based Techniques And Tools.

Reliability proves effectiveness as an expert at SEO services. We customize SEO strategies for clients based on shifts in analytics including EEAT, Core Web Vitals, and AI influenced search behavior shifts along with Google updates.

Obtain Pre-Action Evaluation Reports.

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New DESI results strengthen hints that dark energy may evolve

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument used millions of galaxies and quasars to build the largest 3D map of our universe to date. Combining the DESI data with other experiments shows signs that the impact of dark energy may be weakening over time

The fate of the universe hinges on the balance between matter and dark energy: the fundamental ingredient that drives its accelerating expansion. New results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration use the largest 3D map of our universe ever made to track dark energy’s influence over the past 11 billion years. Researchers see hints that dark energy, widely thought to be a “cosmological constant,” might be evolving over time in unexpected ways.

DESI is an international experiment with more than 900 researchers from over 70 institutions around the world and is managed by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). The collaboration shared their findings today in multiple papers that will be posted on the online repository arXiv and in a presentation at the American Physical Society’s Global Physics Summit in Anaheim, California.

“What we are seeing is deeply intriguing,” said Alexie Leauthaud-Harnett, co-spokesperson for DESI and a professor at UC Santa Cruz. “It is exciting to think that we may be on the cusp of a major discovery about dark energy and the fundamental nature of our universe.” 

Taken alone, DESI’s data are consistent with our standard model of the universe: Lambda CDM (where CDM is cold dark matter and Lambda represents the simplest case of dark energy, where it acts as a cosmological constant). However, when paired with other measurements, there are mounting indications that the impact of dark energy may be weakening over time and that other models may be a better fit. Those other measurements include the light leftover from the dawn of the universe (the cosmic microwave background or CMB), exploding stars (supernovae), and how light from distant galaxies is warped by gravity (weak lensing).

“We’re guided by Occam’s razor, and the simplest explanation for what we see is shifting,” said Will Percival, co-spokesperson for DESI and a professor at the University of Waterloo. “It’s looking more and more like we may need to modify our standard model of cosmology to make these different datasets make sense together — and evolving dark energy seems promising.”

So far, the preference for an evolving dark energy has not risen to “5 sigma,” the gold standard in physics that represents the threshold for a discovery. However, different combinations of DESI data with the CMB, weak lensing, and supernovae datasets range from 2.8 to 4.2 sigma. (A 3-sigma event has a 0.3% chance of being a statistical fluke, but many 3-sigma events in physics have faded away with more data.) The analysis used a technique to hide the results from the scientists until the end, mitigating any unconscious bias about the data.

“We're in the business of letting the universe tell us how it works, and maybe the universe is telling us it's more complicated than we thought it was,” said Andrei Cuceu, a postdoctoral researcher at Berkeley Lab and co-chair of DESI’s Lyman-alpha working group, which uses the distribution of intergalactic hydrogen gas to map the distant universe. “It's interesting and gives us more confidence to see that many different lines of evidence are pointing in the same direction.”

DESI is one of the most extensive surveys of the cosmos ever conducted. The state-of-the-art instrument, which capture light from 5,000 galaxies simultaneously, was constructed and is operated with funding from the DOE Office of Science. DESI is mounted on the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (a program of NSF NOIRLab) in Arizona. The experiment is now in its fourth of five years surveying the sky, with plans to measure roughly 50 million galaxies and quasars (extremely distant yet bright objects with black holes at their cores) by the time the project ends.

The new analysis uses data from the first three years of observations and includes nearly 15 million of the best measured galaxies and quasars. It’s a major leap forward, improving the experiment’s precision with a dataset that is more than double what was used in DESI’s first analysis, which also hinted at an evolving dark energy.

“It’s not just that the data continue to show a preference for evolving dark energy, but that the evidence is stronger now than it was,” said Seshadri Nadathur, professor at the University of Portsmouth and co-chair of DESI’s Galaxy and Quasar Clustering working group. “We’ve also performed many additional tests compared to the first year, and they’re making us confident that the results aren't driven by some unknown effect in the data that we haven't accounted for.”

DESI tracks dark energy’s influence by studying how matter is spread across the universe. Events in the very early universe left subtle patterns in how matter is distributed, a feature called baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). That BAO pattern acts as a standard ruler, with its size at different times directly affected by how the universe was expanding. Measuring the ruler at different distances shows researchers the strength of dark energy throughout history. DESI’s precision with this approach is the best in the world.

“For a couple of decades, we’ve had this standard model of cosmology that is really impressive,” said Willem Elbers, a postdoctoral researcher at Durham University and co-chair of DESI’s Cosmological Parameter Estimation working group, which works out the numbers that describe our universe. “As our data are getting more and more precise, we’re finding potential cracks in the model and realizing we may need something new to explain all the results together.”

The collaboration will soon begin work on additional analyses to extract even more information from the current dataset, and DESI will continue collecting data. Other experiments coming online over the next several years will also provide complementary datasets for future analyses. 

“Our results are fertile ground for our theory colleagues as they look at new and existing models, and we’re excited to see what they come up with,” said Michael Levi, DESI director and a scientist at Berkeley Lab. "Whatever the nature of dark energy is, it will shape the future of our universe. It's pretty remarkable that we can look up at the sky with our telescopes and try to answer one of the biggest questions that humanity has ever asked.”

TOP IMAGE: DESI maps distant objects to study dark energy. The instrument is installed on the Mayall Telescope, shown here beneath star trails. Credit KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/B. Tafreshi

CENTRE IMAGE: From its mountaintop location in Arizona, DESI maps the universe. Credit Marilyn Sargent/Berkeley Lab

LOWER IMAGE: DESI is a state-of-the-art instrument and can capture light from up to 5,000 celestial objects simultaneously.  Credit Marilyn Sargent/Berkeley Lab

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Hiring a Drone Survey Company in Jaipur: What to Look For?

1.     A Complete Guide by Dolphin Engineer

Precision and swiftness have now become the essential components of any successful venture in today's fast-paced industries. Construction, mining, agriculture, and urban planning—be it any industry, companies are nowadays depending more and more on drone surveys to capture precise geospatial information cost-effectively. If you are looking to outsource Drone Survey in Jaipur, your decision can be instrumental in determining your project's success.

This extensive guide by Dolphin Engineer, a well-known player in the industry of drone surveying, takes you through the important aspects that you must keep in mind while choosing a drone survey provider in Jaipur.

2.      Knowing Why Drone Surveying Has Become So Trendy

It is important to realize why Drone Survey in Jaipur has become so trendy before you move on to what to check for in a service provider.

Drone surveys provide:

High-resolution aerial imagery

3D mapping and terrain modeling

Quicker data gathering over extensive areas

Increased safety through minimization of human presence in risky areas

From property developers to government construction projects, various sectors are utilizing drone technology to carry out survey work. In the growing cityscape of Jaipur, drone surveys have become a game-changer, providing quicker and more accurate alternative to conventional land surveying.

3.      Why Choosing the Right Survey Company Matters

Choosing the appropriate drone surveying company is more than acquiring an aerial perspective on your property. It is all about accuracy, legality, interpreting data, and timely submission. A specialist operator such as Dolphin Engineer sees that everything is covered with professional proficiency and care.

Let us delve into the crucial elements you should consider before a final choice is made.

1. Compliance and Certification under Law

Make Sure They Are Certified to Fly

The operations of drones in India are governed by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). The company you choose for a drone survey should possess:

DGCA certification to train drone pilots

License to operate in controlled or urban areas

Permit for collecting and storing aerial data

When you opt for Dolphin Engineer Drone Survey Jaipur, you can be certain about fulfilling all the legal aspects. Their licensed experts abide by national as well as local regulations so that surveying is done with complete safety.

2. Technical Expertise and Experience

Don't Just Look at Drone Ownership

Operating a drone is not the same as collecting usable survey data. The firm must have:

Technically qualified personnel with GIS and mapping skills

A history of managing complicated projects

Practical experience in your particular industry (construction, mining, agriculture, etc.)

Dolphin Engineer differentiates itself through the integration of drone operation capabilities with geospatial analysis. With extensive experience in Drone Survey in Jaipur, their staff is well-suited to handle projects of any size and complexity.

3. Equipment and Technology Quality

New Drones = Improved Data

Not all drones are designed for survey work. A commercial drone survey firm should employ:

High-resolution cameras

LiDAR sensors for terrain modeling

RTK/PPK GPS for enhanced accuracy

Data processing software for 3D modeling

Dolphin Engineer employs state-of-the-art drones with the most advanced sensors and mapping software. Their application of the latest technology guarantees that each Drone Survey in Jaipur provides precise, accurate, and actionable results.

4. Data Processing and Deliverables

How They Handle and Present the Data Matters

Much of surveying is what occurs after the drone takes pictures. Ask the company:

What are the kinds of deliverables they give? (orthomosaic maps, 3D models, contour maps, etc.)

What is the turnaround time?

Do they give cloud-based access or offline formats?

Can the data be incorporated into your CAD or GIS systems?

With Dolphin Engineer, you're not only obtaining high-quality drone imagery but also expertly processed outputs as per your requirements. Their post-processing team makes it a point that Drone Survey data in Jaipur is easy to understand and usable right away.

5. Industry-Specific Solutions

Custom Services for Different Industries

Various industries have varying demands. A mining firm, for instance, demands volumetric analysis, whereas a construction company can demand progress tracking.

Verify if the survey company provides customized solutions like:

Land use planning for property

Crop health analysis for agriculture

Volume and elevation computation for mining

Infrastructure inspection for civil projects

Dolphin Engineer offers end-to-end services which are industry-specific, hence a reliable name for Drone Survey in Jaipur across industries.

6. Client Testimonials and Case Studies

Check Their Reputation

One of the best methods to measure the reliability of a company is by going through:

Previous client feedback

Project case studies

Before-and-after examples of survey data

Seek transparency and established outcomes. Dolphin Engineer openly displays a list of successful Drone Survey in Jaipur projects on their website, as well as the feedback of pleased clients.

7. Cost Transparency and Flexibility

Know What You Are Paying For

Cost may differ greatly based on:

The area to be surveyed

Type of sensor and drone used

Deliverables and report format

Request a transparent, itemized quotation. The business should also provide scalable packages according to your project size. With Dolphin Engineer, you receive affordable prices, formal proposals, and no hidden fees for your Drone Survey in Jaipur requirements.

8. Turnaround Time and Project Management

Timely Delivery Is Important

In project-based businesses, delays can cost. Ensure that the business:

Delivers realistic timelines

Appoints a committed project manager

Provides support during and after the survey

Dolphin Engineer prides itself on prompt delivery and organized project handling. Their well-designed workflow keeps your Drone Survey in Jaipur within schedule and ahead of deadlines.

9. Data Privacy and Security

Keep Your Information Safe

Survey data will usually hold confidential information about property, land, or infrastructure. A reliable drone survey firm ought to possess:

Secure data storage protocols

Confidentiality agreements

Encrypted delivery systems

Dolphin Engineer realizes the importance of data protection and follows rigorous protocols to keep your Jaipur Drone Survey data secure.

10. Post-Survey Assistance and Advisory

A Long-Term Partner, Not a Short-Term Service Provider

Work doesn't stop once the survey is over. You may require help with:

Interpreting the data

Project decision-making based on insights

Planning follow-up surveys

Dolphin Engineer offers great post-survey assistance, assisting clients in the implementation of their survey findings. Their consultative nature makes them stand out in the Drone Survey in Jaipur.

4.     Conclusion: Make an Informed Choice

Engaging a drone survey firm is an investment. Your project success, its safety, compliance, and cost-effectiveness are all contingent on the survey quality. With careful consideration of the ten factors provided above, you can rest assured to select a service provider that meets your objectives.

Need a reliable partner for Drone Survey in Jaipur? Dolphin Engineer provides the technology, expertise, and professionalism you require. With their customized solution, the latest equipment, and a team of professionals dedicated to getting the job done, they are the go-to name for drone surveying in the area.

Ready to take your next project to the next level with a professional Drone Survey in Jaipur?

Call Dolphin Engineer today and receive accurate, reliable, and efficient drone survey solutions tailored to your requirements.

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Is Pursuing Civil Engineering at Every College the Same?

If you're thinking of choosing Civil Engineering as your branch, it's natural to wonder whether the college you pick actually matters. After all, Civil Engineering is the same discipline everywhere, right? You study structures, transportation, water systems, soil mechanics—the usual topics. But here’s the reality: not all engineering colleges offer the same experience, even if the syllabus looks identical on paper.

The difference comes down to how that knowledge is delivered, the kind of exposure you receive, and the ecosystem in which you’re learning. As someone guiding students over the years, I can tell you—your college choice can shape your future more than you may initially think.

Why the College You Choose Makes a Difference

Civil Engineering is a field that heavily depends on practical application. You’re not just studying theories—you’re expected to build, design, and analyze real-world projects. So, if you're at a college that treats practical training like an afterthought, you’re at a disadvantage.

The best engineering college in Odisha, or anywhere in India for that matter, will give you more than just classroom lectures. It will offer you:

Site visits to real construction projects

Labs with modern equipment for testing materials and structures

Industry-based live projects

Internships with construction or infrastructure companies

Opportunities to attend guest lectures by experts from the field

That kind of ecosystem isn’t guaranteed everywhere.

Faculty Matters More Than You Think

One of the biggest differences between colleges is the faculty. A faculty member who has worked on real infrastructure projects will guide you differently than someone who sticks only to textbooks. And in Civil Engineering, mentorship is everything.

For example, I’ve seen how students benefit when their professors encourage them to enter national-level design competitions or participate in government-sponsored development projects. A college where faculty members act more like project mentors than just lecturers can give you a real edge.

Some institutes, like NMIET in Bhubaneswar, tend to attract experienced faculty members from both academic and field backgrounds. It’s not something you’ll see on a brochure, but you’ll definitely feel the difference once you’re learning under them.

Industry Connection = Better Opportunities

Civil Engineering doesn't operate in a vacuum. You’re going to need internships, site training, and hopefully a full-time job in the sector. Colleges with strong industry connections help bridge this gap.

Now, not every college has tie-ups with industry players, but this is something you should actively check. A college with collaborations or MoUs with construction firms, government departments, or infrastructure consultancies will open more doors for internships and placements.

The best engineering college in Odisha often stands out in this regard—by bringing in companies for campus drives, offering training programs with industry partners, and creating platforms where students can directly work on industry-defined problems.

Infrastructure That Trains You for the Real World

This might sound obvious, but civil engineers need more than just a classroom—they need physical space to build, test, and experiment.

A well-equipped materials lab, geotechnical lab, environmental engineering lab, and surveying instruments are must-haves. Colleges that invest in their infrastructure give you the freedom to practice what you learn, instead of waiting to do it later on the job.

For instance, a digital campus with simulation tools, structural analysis software, and a strong library can significantly improve your learning experience. It’s something many top-tier colleges in Odisha are focusing on—and it shows in student confidence and performance.

Alumni and Placement Support

You probably already know that civil engineering placements can be a mixed bag, especially when compared to CS or IT. But the real question is—does the college offer solid placement support or not?

Colleges that consistently attract companies like L&T, Shapoorji Pallonji, or government-linked contractors are doing something right. And if they have an active alumni network in the field, you’ve got a built-in support system as you enter the industry.

Placement stats alone don’t tell the full story. It’s about the quality of the jobs being offered, the kind of projects you’ll work on, and whether the role helps you grow into a professional.

The Bottom Line

So, is pursuing Civil Engineering the same at every college? Not even close.

Your experience will be shaped by the environment you’re in—the faculty, facilities, industry exposure, and overall attitude toward practical learning. Choose a college that treats Civil Engineering as a gateway to real-world impact, not just another branch in the curriculum.

If you’re looking at colleges in Odisha, explore deeply. Look at their labs, talk to students if you can, check who their recruiters are. And while you’re doing that, you might just come across places like NMIET that quietly offer a strong, hands-on Civil Engineering program without too much noise.

At the end of the day, it's not just about getting a degree—it’s about becoming an engineer who can build the future. And for that, where you study does make a world of difference.